## Solving Exercises Lesson 26: Events and the classical definition of probability (Math 10 – Connection) – Math Book

Solving Exercises Lesson 26: Events and the classical definition of probability (Math 10 – Connecting Textbook)
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### Solve lesson 9.1, page 82, Math 10 Textbook, Connecting knowledge volume 2

Randomly select a positive integer not greater than 30.

a) Describe the sample space.

b) Let A be the event: “The number chosen is prime”. The events A and $$\overline{A}$$ are which subset of the sample space?

Solution method

a) Define the pattern space $$\Omega$$

b) determine the event A, calculate $$\overline{A}$$

Detailed explanation

a) Sample space $$\Omega$$ = {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; ten; 11; twelfth; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23 ;24; 25; 26 ; 27; 28; 29; 30}.

b) A = {2; 3; 5; 7; 11; 13; 17; 19; 23; 29}

$$\overline{A}$$ = {1; 4; 6; 8; 9; ten; twelfth; 14; 15; 16; 18; 20; 21; 22; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 30}.

### Solve problem 9.2, page 82, Math textbook 10, Connecting knowledge volume 2

Randomly choose a positive integer not greater than 22.

a) Describe the sample space.

b) Let B be the event: “The selected number is divisible by 3”. The events B and $\overline{B}$ are what subsets of the sample space?

Solution method

a) Define the pattern space $$\Omega$$

b) determine event B, calculate $$\overline{B}$$

Detailed explanation

a) Sample space $$\Omega$$ = {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; ten; 11; twelfth; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22}.

b) B = {3; 6; 9; twelfth; 15; 18; 21}

$$\overline{B}$$ = {1; 2; 4; 5; 7; 8; ten; 11; 13; 14; 16; 17; 19; 20; 22}.

### Solve lesson 9.3 page 82 Math textbook 10 Connecting knowledge volume 2

Roll a dice and a coin at the same time.

a) Describe the sample space.

b) Consider the following events:

C: “The coin appears tails”;

D: “The coin that appears heads or the number of dots on the dice is 5”.

The events $C, \overline{C}, D$, and $\overline{D}$ are what subsets of the sample space?

Solution method

– Tabulate the sample space => $$n(\Omega )$$

– Determine C, D. Calculate $$\overline{C}$$, $$\overline{D}$$

Detailed explanation

a) The symbol S is for heads, N is for heads. The sample space is given according to the table:

 first 2 3 4 5 6 S S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 WOMEN N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6

So $$n(\Omega )$$ = 10.

b)

C = {S1; S2; S3; S4; S5; S6}

$$\overline{C}$$ = {N1; N2; N3; N4; N5; N6}

D = {N1; N2; N3; N4; N5; N6; S5}

$$\overline{D}$$ = {S1; S2; S3; S4; S6}

### Solve problem 9.4 page 82 Math textbook 10 Connecting knowledge volume 2

A bag contains a number of blue marbles, red marbles, black marbles and white marbles. Randomly pick a marble from the bag.

a) Let H be the event: “The ball drawn is red”. Event: “Is the ball drawn blue or black or white” an event $$\overline{H}$$ or not?

b) Let K be the event: “The marbles drawn are blue or white”. Event: “Bit drawn is black” is the event $$\overline{K}$$ or not?

Solution method

The opposite event of event E is the event “E does not occur”. The opposite event of E is denoted by $$\overline E$$.

Detailed explanation

a) Event: “The marble drawn is blue or black or white” is the event $$\overline{H}$$ because if the red marble is not drawn, it can only be blue or black, or white. .

b) Event: “Black drawn marble” is not an event $$\overline{K}$$ because if blue or white is not drawn, it could be black or red.

### Solve problem 9.5 page 82 Math textbook 10 Connecting knowledge volume 2

Two friends An and Binh each roll a balanced dice. Calculate the probability that:

a) The number of dots appearing on the two dice is less than 3;

b) The number of dots appearing on the dice that An rolls is greater than or equal to 5;

c) The product of two numbers appearing on two dice less than 6;

d) The sum of the two numbers appearing on the two dice is a prime number.

Solution method

– Calculate sample space

– Determine event elements A=> $$P(A)=\frac{n(A)}{n(\Omega )}$$

Similarly Determine event elements B, C, D => $$P(B)$$, $$P(C)$$, $$P(D)$$

Detailed explanation

Because rolling a dice, the number of dots that can appear is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, so when rolling 2 dice, the number of possibilities is $$n(\Omega )$$ = 6.6 = 36.

The results of the sample space are given in the table:

 first 2 3 4 5 6 first (1;1) (1;2) (1;3) (1;4) (1;5) (1;6) 2 (2;1) (2;2) (2;3) (2;4) (2;5) (2;6) 3 (3;1) (3;2) (3;3) (3;4) (3;5) (3;6) 4 (4;1) (4;2) (4;3) (4;4) (4;5) (4;6) 5 (5;1) (5;2) (5;3) (5;4) (5;5) (5,6 6 (6;1) (6;2) (6;3) (6;4) (6;5) (6;6)

a) Event A: “The number of dots appearing on the two dice is less than 3”.

The favorable outcomes of A are: (1;1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,2).

n(A) = 4. So $$P(A)=\frac{n(A)}{n(\Omega )}=\frac{4}{36}=\frac{1}{9}$$ .

b) Event B: “The number of dots appearing on the dice An rolled is greater than or equal to 5”.

The favorable outcomes of B are:

(5;1), (5,2), (5;3), (5;4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6 ;3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6).

n(B) = 12. So $$P(B)=\frac{n(B)}{n(\Omega )}=\frac{12}{36}=\frac{1}{3}$$ .

c) Event C: “The product of two numbers appearing on two dice is less than 6”.

The favorable outcomes of C are: (1; 1), (1; 2), (1; 3), (1; 4), (1; 5), (2; 1), (3; 1) , (4; 1), (5; 1).

n(C) = 9. So $$P(C)=\frac{n(C)}{n(\Omega )}=\frac{9}{36}=\frac{1}{4}$$ .

d) Event D: “The sum of the two numbers appearing on the two dice is a prime number”.

The favorable outcomes of D are: (1; 1), (1; 2), (2; 1), (1; 4), (4; 1), (1; 6), (6, 1) , (2; 3); (2; 5), (3; 2), (5; 2), (3; 4), (4; 3), (5; 6), (6; 5).

n(D) = 15. So $$P(D)=\frac{n(D)}{n(\Omega )}=\frac{15}{36}=\frac{5}{12}$$ .