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Solving Exercises Lesson 4: Probability of events in some simple games (C6 – Math 10 Kite)
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Solve the exercise Exercise 1, page 45, Math textbook 10 Kite, episode 2
Toss a coin twice in a row. Calculate the probability of the event “The outcome of the two tosses is different”.
Solution method
+) Step 1: Calculate the number of elements of the sample space “\(n\left( \Omega \right)\)” and the number of elements of the result in favor of the event “\(n\left( A \right )\)”
+) Step 2: The probability of the event is: \(P\left( A \right) = \frac{{n\left( A \right)}}{{n\left( \Omega \right)}} \)
Solution guide
+) The pattern space in the above game is the set \(\Omega = {\rm{ }}\left\{ {SS;{\rm{ }}SN;{\rm{ }}NS;{\rm{ }}NN} \right\}\). So \(n\left( \Omega \right) = 4\)
+) Let A be the event “The outcome of two tosses is different”.
The favorable outcomes for event A are: \(SN;{\rm{ }}NS\)i.e. \(A = \left\{ {SN;NS} \right\}\).So \(n \left( A \right) = 2\)
+) So the probability of event A is: \(P\left( A \right) = \frac{{n\left( A \right)}}{{n\left( \Omega \right)}} = \frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}\)
Solution of Exercises Lesson 2, page 45, Math textbook 10 Kite, episode 2
Toss a coin three times in a row.
a) Write the set \(\Omega \) as the sample space in the above game.
b) Identify each event:
A: “First appearance of heads”
B: “Heads happen exactly once”.
Solution method
a) The sample space is all the possibilities of tossing the coin three times in a row
b) Based on the sample space to list
Solution guide
a) +) The sample space in the above game is the set
\(\Omega = {\rm{ }}\left\{ {SSS;{\rm{ }}SSN;{\rm{ }}SNN;{\rm{ }}SNS;{\rm{ }}NSN; {\rm{ }}NSS;NNS;{\rm{ }}NNN} \right\}\)
b) +) Event A is the set: \(A = \left\{ {NSN;{\rm{ }}NSS;NNS;{\rm{ }}NNN} \right\}\) .
+) Event B is the set: \(B = \left\{ {SNS;{\rm{ }}SSN;NSS} \right\}\)
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Solve the exercises Exercise 3, page 45, Math textbook 10 Kite, episode 2
Roll a dice twice in a row. State each of the following events as fact clauses:
\(\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{A = \left\{ {\left( {6;1} \right);\left( {6;2} \right);\left ( {6;3} \right);\left( {6;4} \right);\left( {6;5} \right);\left( {6;6} \right)} \right\} ;}\\{B = \left\{ {\left( {1;6} \right);\left( {2;5} \right);\left( {3;4} \right);\left ( {4;3} \right);\left( {5;2} \right);\left( {6;1} \right)} \right\};}\\{C = \left\{ { \left( {1;1} \right);\left( {2;2} \right);\left( {3;3} \right);\left( {4;4} \right);\left ( {5;5} \right);\left( {6;6} \right)} \right\}.}\end{array}\)
Solution method
Observe the common properties of each set
Solution guide
a) A is the event “To roll a dice twice in a row such that the first dice always appear green”
b) B is the event “Toss a dice twice in a row so that the total number of dots appearing is 7”
c) C is the event “Toss a dice twice in a row so that the number of dots appearing on two rolls is the same”
Solving exercises Lesson 4, page 45, Math textbook 10 Kite, episode 2
Roll a dice twice in a row. Calculate the probability of each of the following events:
a) “The total number of dots appearing in two sows is not less than 10”;
b) “The 1-dot face appears at least once”.
Solution method
Step 1: Calculate the number of elements of the pattern space “\(n\left( \Omega )\)” and the number of elements of the result in favor of the event “\(n\left( A )\),\( n\left( B )\)”
Step 2: The probability of the event is: \(P\left( A ) = \frac{{n\left( A )}}{{n\left( \Omega )}};P\left( B ) = \frac{{n\left( B )}}{{n\left( \Omega )}}\)
Solution guide
+) The pattern space in the above game is the set \(\Omega = {\rm{ }}\left\{ {\left( {i,j} ){\rm{ | }}i,{\rm{ }}j{\rm{ }} = {\rm{ }}1,{\rm{ }}2,{\rm{ }}3,{\rm{ }}4,{\rm{ }}5, {\rm{ }}6} \right\}\) where (i,j) is the result “The first time appears the dotted face, the second time appears the dotted face j”. So \(n\left( \Omega ) = 36\)
a) Let A be the event “The total number of dots appearing in two sows is not less than 10”.
The outcomes in favor of A are: (4; 6) (5,5) (5,6) (6; 4) (6,5) (6,6). So \(n\left( A ) = 6\)
So the probability of event A is: \(P\left( A ) = \frac{{n\left( A )}}{{n\left( \Omega )}} = \frac{6}{{36 }} = \frac{1}{6}\)
b) Let B be the event “The dotted side appears at least once”
The results in favor of B are: (1; 1) (1 : 2) (1 : 3) (1; 4) (1;5) (1; 6) (2 ; 1) (3;1) ( 4; 1) (5;1) (6;1). So \(n\left( B ) = 11\)
So the probability of event A is: \(P\left( B ) = \frac{{n\left( B )}}{{n\left( \Omega )}} = \frac{{11}}{ {36}} = \frac{{11}}{{36}}\)