## Solve the exercises at the end of chapter 5 – Math 10 Kite———-

### Solve the exercises Exercise 1 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

a) How many ways are there to arrange 20 students in a vertical line?

A.$${20^{20}}$$ B.$$20!$$ C. 20 D.1

b) The number of ways to select 3 students from a class of 40 students is:

A. $$A_{40}^3$$ B. $${40^3}$$ C. $${3^{40}}$$ D.$$C_{40}^3$$

Solution method

a) Line up 20 students in a vertical line $$\Rightarrow$$ Use the permutation formula

b) Select 3 students from a class of 40 students $$\Rightarrow$$ Use combinatorial formula

Solution guide

a) The number of ways to arrange 20 students in a vertical line is: $$20!$$ (order). So we choose answer B.

b) The number of ways to select 3 students from a class of 40 students is: $$C_{40}^3$$ (choice). So we choose answer D.

### Solve the exercises Exercise 2 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

Duong has 2 pairs of pants including: one blue pants and one black pants; 3 shirts include: a brown shirt, a blue shirt and a yellow shirt, 2 pairs of shoes including: a pair of black shoes and a pair of red shoes. Duong wants to choose a set of clothes and a pair of shoes to go sightseeing. By drawing a tree diagram, calculate the number of ways to choose an outfit and a pair of shoes for Duong.

Solution method

Draw a tree diagram by selecting the pants first, then the shirt, and finally the shoes. Then count the number of ways to choose.

Solution guide

Conclusion: From the tree diagram, we see that Duong has 12 ways to choose a set of clothes and a pair of shoes.

### Solve the exercise Exercise 3 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

In the plane, give two parallel lines a and b. Given 3 distinct points on line a and 4 distinct points on line b. How many triangles have all 3 vertices at 3 of these 7 points?

Solution method

A triangle is made up of 3 non-collinear points, so to have a triangle we will choose 3 non-collinear points out of 7 given points.

Method 1:

Take 2 points in a, 1 point in b and vice versa

Method 2:

Calculate the number of ways to choose any 3 points from 7 points – the number of ways to choose 3 collinear points on a and b.

Solution guide

Method 1:

TH1: 2 points belong to a and 1 point belongs to b

Number of ways to choose 2 points on line a is $$C_3^2$$ (how to choose)

The number of ways to choose a point on line b is: $$C_4^1$$ (how to choose)

=> The number of triangles formed is: $$C_3^2 . C_4^1 = 12$$

TH2: 2 points in b and 1 point in a

Number of ways to choose 2 points on line b is $$C_4^2$$ (how to choose)

The number of ways to choose a point on the line a is: $$C_3^1$$ (how to choose)

=> The number of triangles formed is: $$C_4^2 + C_3^1 = 18$$

So there are 12 + 18 = 30 triangles in all.

Method 2:

Number of ways to choose 3 points on line a is: $$C_3^3$$ (how to choose)

Number of ways to choose 3 points on line b is: $$C_4^3$$ (how to choose)

Number of ways to choose any 3 points out of 7 given points is: $$C_7^3$$ (how to choose)

The number of ways to choose 3 noncollinear points out of 7 given points is: $$C_7^3 – C_4^3 – C_3^3 = 30$$ (how to choose)

So the number of possible triangles is : 30 (triangles)

### Solve the exercises Lesson 4, page 20, Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

In the plane, let 6 parallel lines and 8 parallel lines are perpendicular to those 6 lines. How many rectangles are formed?

Solution method

Step 1: Calculate the number of ways to choose 2 parallel lines out of 6 parallel lines

Step 2: Calculate the number of ways to choose 2 parallel lines out of 8 parallel lines that are perpendicular to the original 6 parallel lines

Step 3: Apply the multiplication rule

Solution guide

Number of ways to choose 2 parallel lines out of 6 parallel lines is: $$C_6^2$$ (how to choose)

Number of ways to choose 2 parallel lines out of 8 parallel lines that are perpendicular to the original 6 parallel lines is: $$C_8^2$$ (how to choose)

Applying the multiplication rule, we have the number of rectangles that can be formed: $$C_8^2.C_6^2 = 420$$ (rectangle)

### Solve the exercise Exercise 5 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

Expand the following expressions:

a) $${\left( {4y – 1} \right)^4}$$

b) $${\left( {3x + 4y} \right)^5}$$

Solution method

a) Use Newton’s binomial expansion with $$n = 4$$: $${\left( {a + b} \right)^4} = {a^4} + 4{a^3}b + 6{a^2}{b^2} + 4a{b^3} + {b^4}$$

b) Use Newton’s binomial expansion with $$n = 5$$:$${\left( {a + b} \right)^5} = {a^5} + 5{a^4}b + 10{a^3}{b^2} + 10{a^2}{b^3} + 5a{b^4} + {b^5}$$

Solution guide

a) $${\left( {4y – 1} \right)^4} = {\left[ {4y + \left( { – 1} \right)} \right]^4} = 256{y^4} – 256{y^3} + 96{y^2} – 16y + 1$$

b) $${\left( {3x + 4y} \right)^5} = 243{x^5} + 1620{x^4}y + 4320{x^3}{y^2} + 5760{x ^2}{y^3} + 3840x{y^4} + 1024{y^5}$$

### Solving exercises Lesson 6 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

A computer password is a sequence of characters (in order from left to right) chosen from: 10 digits, 26 lowercase letters, 26 uppercase letters, and 10 special characters. Ngan wants to create a computer password with a length of 8 characters including: the first 4 characters are 4 different digits, the next 2 characters are lowercase letters, the next 1 character. Another is a capital letter, the last character is a special character. How many ways do you have to set up a computer password?

Solution method

Step 1: Select the first 4 characters as 4 different digits from 10 digits (with sorted)

Step 2: Select next 2 characters from 26 lowercase letters

Step 3: Choose the next 1 character from 26 uppercase letters

Step 4: Choose the last 1 character from 10 special characters

Step 5: Apply the multiplication rule

Solution guide

+) The number of ways to choose the first 4 characters is: $$A_{10}^4$$ (how to choose)

+) The number of ways to choose the next 2 characters is: $$C_{26}^1.C_{26}^1$$ (how to choose)

+) The number of ways to choose the next 1 character is: $$C_{26}^1$$ (how to choose)

+) The number of ways to choose the last 1 character is: $$C_{10}^1$$ (how to choose)

+) Applying the multiplication rule, we have the number of possible passwords:

$$A_{10}^4.C_{26}^1.C_{26}^1.C_{26}^1.C_{10}^1$$ (password)

### Solving exercises Exercise 7 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

A high school organized a relay race between classes with the content of 4 x 100 m and required each team to consist of 2 boys and 2 girls. An was assigned by the teacher to select 4 students and arrange their running order to register for the contest. How many ways do you An create a qualifying competition team? Know that An’s class has 22 boys and 17 girls.

Solution method

Step 1: Choose any 2 boys from 22 boys

Step 2: Choose any 2 girls from 17 girls

Step 3: Arrange the 4 you have chosen in some order

Step 4: Apply the multiplication rule

Solution guide

+) Number of ways to choose any 2 boys from 22 boys is: $$C_{22}^2$$ (how to choose)

+) Number of ways to choose any 2 girls from 17 girls is: $$C_{17}^2$$ (how to choose)

+) The number of ways to arrange the competition order of 4 friends is: $$4!$$ (sorting)

+) Applying the multiplication rule, we have the number of ways to form a team: $$C_{22}^2.C_{17}^2.4!$$ (how to make )

### Solve exercises Exercise 8 page 20 Math textbook 10 Kite episode 2

Uncle Thao wants to buy 2 computers for work. The salesman introduced you to 3 computer manufacturers for your reference: the first company has 4 suitable computers, the second company has 5 suitable computers, the third company has 7 types of suitable computers. How many ways do you have to choose 2 computers for work?

Solution method

Choose any 2 computers from 4+5+7=16 computers => convolution 2 of 16.

Solution guide

+) Total number of matching computers is : $$4 + 5 + 7 = 16$$ (computers)

+) The number of ways to choose 2 computers from 16 matching computers is: $$C_{16}^2 = 120$$ (how to choose)